Great White is an American blues-based Hard Rock band, popular mainly in the late 1980's & early 1990's. Despite their having been at the forefront of musical changes during that period, and having a number of hits, the band's notoriety today is mainly due to their involvement in the 2003 The Station nightclub fire, which led to the deaths of 100 people in West Warwick, Rhode Island.

The 1990s

The 2000s
In a memo dated January 20, 2000 Mark Kendall announced he was leaving Great White [3], shortly thereafter both Audie Desbrow and Sean McNabb left Great White. Desbrow, clearly very unhappy with the financial state of the band posted a tirade on his website lambasting Jack Russell and Michael Lardie, while claiming to have been "fired" from Great White [4]. Meanwhile, it was rumored that Sean McNabb was fired for going to management and asking to see the books [5]. Despite only having one original member left, the band announced plans to begin work on a new album in late 2000. [6] Early in the process, some of the new songs were played for John Kalodner at Columbia Records. It was mutually agreed that the "magic was gone" and the band decided their heart was not in the recording process. They subsequently left Columbia Records and discontinued work on the follow up album. [7] On November 5, 2001 Jack Russell announced the end of Great White, stating that he was moving on, and that Great White would play one final farewell show on December 31, 2001 at the Galaxy Theatre in Santa Ana, CA. [8] Both Kendall and McNabb rejoined the band for the farewell show and a live CD entitled "Thank You... Goodnight" that was recorded and released by Knight Records. This CD would include 2 new tracks, "Back to the Rhythm" and "Play On" from their discontinued studio sessions, both of which would ultimately wind up on their reunion album "Back to the Rhythm" in 2007.

The Breakup 2000-2001
In late 2002, in part due to his failure to attract good audiences while on the road with his solo band, Jack Russell contacted Kendall, who himself was struggling to gain an audience on his own [9]. Kendall agreed to play some dates with Russell's band, allowing Russell to use the name Great White once again[10]. Billed as "Jack Russell's Great White", the tour was to consist primarily of classic songs from the Great White catalog with some of Russell's solo work mixed in. Eventually, more dates were added and the tour extended through the early months of 2003[11].
Tragically, the band would return to the national spotlight on February 20, 2003. Pyrotechnics used by the band's crew would create a spray of sparks that ignited the foam soundproofing material behind the stage. 100 people who were at The Station night club in Rhode Island, including the band's guitarist Ty Longley, would ultimately die from the blaze.
See also: The Station nightclub fire
Though the media referred to the band as "Great White" following the tragedy in Rhode Island, the band was officially performing under the moniker of "Jack Russell's Great White" at the time of the incident [12]. In fact, prior to the fire, the band's official website posted a message stating that Great White had not reformed [13]. It's unclear when the band began officially going by "Great White" again, but it is possible that the intense media coverage surrounding Great White caused the band to simply return to their original name in order to avoid confusion during the tours that followed.
Great White played their first full show following the Rhode Island tragedy on July 22, kicking off a benefit tour for the survivors and victims of the fire [14]. The band would tour until 2005 to raise funds for the Station Family Fund, which had been set up to help the victims of the tragedy. In late 2005, citing "medical reasons", the band would cancel the second half of their summer tour [15]. The "medical reasons" would prove to be Jack Russell's addictions to alcohol and cocaine. He would later detail a particular low point of being caught by his ex-wife smoking crack in a laundry room. This would prove to be the end of this version of Great White, as Jack Russell would enter rehabilitation and not perform again until 2007 [16]. Russell would use the year of 2006 to get sober and get a facelift that would be detailed on ExtraTV [17]. Russell would later refer to this incarnation of Great White as "Fake White", saying "It still sounded like Great White, but not—almost like we were doing a cover of ourselves." [18]

Back to the Rhythm 2006-

Main article: Great White discography

Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He was born to an insurance executive in Marshfield, Missouri and moved to Wheaton, Illinois in 1898. In his younger days, he was noted more for his athletic prowess rather than his intellectual abilities, although he did earn good grades in every subject, except for spelling. He won seven first places which led to a BS degree in 1910. Hubble also became a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity and in 1948 was named Kappa Sigma "Man of the Year". He spent the next three years as one of Oxford's first Rhodes Scholars, where he originally studied jurisprudence, before switching his major to Spanish and receiving the MA degree, after which he returned to the United States. Some of his British mannerisms and dress stayed with him all his life, occasionally irritating his more American colleagues.
Returning to the United States he worked as a high school teacher and a basketball coach at New Albany High School in New Albany, Indiana (near Louisville), and practiced law in Kentucky. He served in World War I and quickly advanced to the rank of major. He returned to astronomy at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago, where he earned a PhD in 1917 with a dissertation entitled "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae".
In 1919 Hubble was offered a staff position by George Ellery Hale, the founder and director of Carnegie Institution's Mount Wilson Observatory, near Pasadena, California, where he remained until his death. He also served in the US Army at the Aberdeen Proving Ground during World War II. For his work there he received the Legion of Merit. Shortly before his death, Palomar's 200-inch Hale Telescope was completed; Hubble was the first to use it.
He died of a cerebral thrombosis on September 28, 1953, in San Marino, California. His wife, Grace, did not have a funeral for him and never revealed what was done with his body--it was apparently Hubble's wish to have no funeral service and be buried in an unmarked grave, or that he wanted to be cremated. As of now, the whereabouts of his remains are unknown.

The universe goes beyond the Milky Way galaxy
Hubble was generally incorrectly credited with discovering

Redshift increases with distance
Hubble discovered the asteroid 1373 Cincinnati on August 30, 1935. He also wrote The Observational Approach to Cosmology and The Realm of the Nebulae around this time.

Other discoveries
Hubble spent much of the later part of his career attempting to have astronomy considered an area of physics, instead of being its own science. He did this largely so that astronomers - including himself - could be recognized by the Nobel Prize Committee for their valuable contributions to astrophysics. This campaign was unsuccessful for a long time. The Nobel Prize Committee eventually decided that astronomical work would be eligible for the physics prize. Unfortunately for Hubble, this occurred in 1953 some months after his death. The Nobel Prize is never awarded posthumously.

Nobel Prize
Awards
Named after him

Bruce Medal in 1938.
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1940.
Medal of Merit for outstanding contribution to ballistics research in 1946--ARP
Asteroid 2069 Hubble.
Hubble crater on the Moon.
Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope. Notes

Christianson, Gale; Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae Farrar Straus & Giroux (T) (New York, August 1995.)
Hubble E.P., The Observational Approach to Cosmology (Oxford, 1937.)
Hubble E.P., The Realm of the Nebulae (New Haven, 1936.)
Hubble, A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Volume 15 (1929)

Joshua Ryan Evans (January 10, 1982 – August 5, 2002) was an actor who became known for his role of "Timmy" in the soap opera Passions. Though he was 17 years old when Passions debuted, Evans had the appearance and voice of a small child due to achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. [1] He was 3' 2".
Evans also played the role of the young Grinch (Jim Carrey's character) in the 2000 Jim Carrey film Dr. Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas. He also appeared as Tom Thumb in the A&E miniseries P.T. Barnum. He had notable guest spots on Ally McBeal as an attorney, on The WB's 7th Heaven, and on Poltergeist: The Legacy.
On Passions, Evans' character Timmy was a doll that the evil witch Tabitha Lenox brought to life with magic. During the course of the series, it was common for egregious bodily harm to befall Timmy, but the audience would see the character replaced with a stuffed doll at these times. It was understood that characters on the show always saw Timmy as a doll. Timmy loved Tabitha but rejected her evil ways. For this reason, an angel eventually granted Timmy's wish to be a living boy, whom Tabitha then claimed as the great-nephew upon whom she had based the design of her Timmy doll. (It was never made clear if the new, living Timmy was a young child or a teenager with dwarfism.) When Timmy went on a quest to save Charity from imprisonment in a block of ice, he and Charity were severely injured in a blast of magical energy. Because Timmy was now human, he died of his injuries, and his heart was transplanted into Charity, saving her life.
Evans' diminutive size caused him several health problems, and he underwent open heart surgery three times. On August 5, 2002, he died following a severe complication from his last heart operation. He was 20 years old. Coincidentally, the death scene which he had previously taped aired the same day that he died; the episode was dedicated to him. The character of Timmy was intended to become an angel and remain a presence on the show, but this entire storyline was quickly rewritten to excise the character (although one already-filmed scene was eventually aired, showing Timmy in Heaven, as a sort of coda).
Evans had two brothers, James and Timothy. Timothy died before Josh was born. James is 6'4"— exactly twice Josh's height.

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials, PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español), is the ruling party in Spain and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in 1833. It is a social-democratic party..

Ideology
The PSOE was founded on May 2, 1879 in Madrid by the historical Spanish workers' leader Pablo Iglesias.

Early history
Its 25th Congress was held in Toulouse in August 1972. In 1974 at its 26th Congress in Suresnes, Felipe González was elected Secretary General, replacing Rodolfo Llopis Ferrándiz. González was from the "reform" wing of the party, and his victory signaled a defeat for the historic and veteran wing of the Party. The direction of the party shifted from the exiles to the young people in Spain who hadn't fought the war.
Llopis led a schism to form the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historic) (PSOE (h)). González showed intentions to move the party away from its Marxist and socialist background, turning the PSOE into a social-democratic party, similar to those of the rest of western Europe. In 1977 PSOE became the official opposition party with 29.2% of the vote and 118 seats in the Parliament. Their standing was further boosted in 1978 when the 6 deputies of the Popular Socialist Party (Spain) agreed to merge with the party.
In their 27th congress in May 1979 Gonzalez resigned because the party would not abandon its Marxist character. In September the extraordinary 28th congress was called in which González was re-elected when the party agreed to move away from Marxism. European social democratic parties supported González' stand, and the German SPD granted them money. The party symbol was changed from the anvil with the book to the Social Democratic fist with a rose. In the referendum of 1978, PSOE supported the Spanish Constitution, which was approved. In the 1979 elections they gained 30.5% of the vote and 121 seats, remaining the main opposition party. On October 28, 1982, the PSOE was victorious, with 48.3% of the vote (10,000,000 total). Felipe González became Prime Minister of Spain on December 2, a position he held until March 1996. In spite of its appearance as a party with a progressive economic program, the PSOE combined social reforms with a liberal and capitalist economic policy. In the face of this problem, the leftist base was disappointed to see their leaders rubbing elbows with the rich and powerful. One example would be the marriage between the Finance minister Miguel Boyer and the star of gossip magazines Isabel Preysler.
Though the party had previously opposed NATO, after reaching the government most party leaders supported keeping Spain inside the organisation. The González administration organised a referendum on the question in 1986, calling for a favourable vote, and won. The administration was criticised for avoiding the official names of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and NATO, using the unofficial Atlantic Alliance terms. A symbol of this U-turn is Javier Solana who campaigned against NATO but ended years later as its Secretary General.
PSOE Supported the United States in the First Gulf War (1991). The PSOE won 1986, 1989 and 1993 elections.
Economic crisis, corruption scandals and state terrorism(GAL) against the terrorist group ETA eroded the popularity of Felipe González, and in 1996, the PSOE lost the elections to the conservative Partido Popular (PP). Between 1996 and 2001 the PSOE weathered a crisis, with Gonzalez resigning in 1997. The party suffered a hard defeat in 2000 (34.7%).
It has still remained as the ruling party in the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha and Asturias.
In 2001, a new general secretary, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, was elected, renewing the party. Later, the PSOE won the municipal elections of 2003.
On 13 November 2003 the PSOE won the regional election in Catalonia, through a pact with Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia, ERC, left-wing pro-independence) and Iniciativa per Catalunya (Initiative for Catalonia, ICV, left-wing).
In 2004, the PSOE won the Spanish legislative elections with almost 43% of the votes, following the 11-M terrorist attacks, and maintained their lead in the elections to the European Parliament. - - In 2005, PSOE called for a Yes vote on the European Constitution. It has since legalised same-sex marriage, and has called for further integration into the EU. PSOE also favoured the negotiations between the government and ETA during the 2006 "cease-fire".

Notable members

Politics of Spain
List of political parties in Spain

Dr. Lucille Teasdale-Corti (January 30, 1929 – August 1, 1996) was a Canadian physician, surgeon and international aid worker, who helped the people of Uganda and contributed to the development of medical services in the country.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, she attended medical school at the Université de Montréal and, in 1955, became the first Quebec woman to get her diploma as a surgeon. While she was interning at the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal hospital she met Dr. Pietro Corti. In the 1960s, she and Corti founded St. Mary's Hospital Lacor in northern Uganda, 6 KM west of Gulu. At the time, prior to Uganda's independence from Britain, the country was relatively peaceful. With Dr. Corti dedicated to the business development of the hospital, Teasdale was the only working doctor in the region and, as a result, inundated with work. She attended to patients all through the day, spending the afternoons performing operation after operation. Corti, meanwhile, dedicated himself to raising funds to support the tiny, understaffed and under-equipped hospital. In the course of their work, the two doctors fell in love and in 1961 they were married in the hospital chapel.
Although the country had been looking forward to a bright future, the tyrannical reign of Ugandan president Idi Amin brought an end to the sense of hope that had buoyed Teasdale's efforts at the hospital. Between 1971 and 1979, when Amin was overthrown, an estimated 300,000 people died. The hospital was flooded with Ugandans wounded in the fighting, and Teasdale found herself a defacto war surgeon facing waves of casualties.
Despite threats, fear and war, she worked at the hospital for 34 years, performing more than 13,000 surgeries. She died from AIDS in 1996, after contracting HIV in 1985 from cutting herself during surgery.
In 2000, a television biographical film, Dr. Lucille: The Lucille Teasdale Story was aired on the Canadian CTV television network which told her story. Directed by George Mihalka, it starred Marina Orsini, Massimo Ghini, and Louis Gossett Jr.

National team caps and goals correct as of 18/11/2006. * Appearances (Goals)
Neil Alexander (born 10 March 1978 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish born professional football goalkeeper, currently playing for Ipswich Town.

Club career
Alexander started his career with Stenhousemuir before moving to Livingston in 1998. He joined Cardiff City for £200,000 in May 2001 and in six years at Ninian Park played over 200 games for the Bluebirds. During his time at Cardiff Alexander became a fan favourite and manager Lennie Lawrence was heavily criticised on several occasions after attempting to replace him with Tony Warner. During the 2006/07 season he became embroiled in a contract dispute with the club which lead to him refusing to sign a new contract with them and on 16 July 2007 he put pen to paper on a deal with rival English Championship side Ipswich Town.

Roger Charles Carmel (September 27, 1932–November 11, 1986) was an American character actor.
Of his hundreds of roles, he is best remembered for playing the flamboyant and hapless criminal Harry Mudd on the original Star Trek. Other memorable roles include the accountant Doug Wesley on The Dick Van Dyke Show and Colonel Gumm on Batman. He also appeared in roles on I Spy, Hogan's Heroes, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Munsters, Hawaii Five-O, and many other shows. Carmel was also the voice of Smokey Bear in fire safety advertisements, as well as Decepticon lieutenant Cyclonus in the popular Transformers animated series. In the TV commercials for the Naugles chain of Mexican fast-food restaurants, he played the character of Señor Naugles. He also appeared in Jerry Lewis' comeback 1981 film, Hardly Working.
Carmel starred as Roger Buell in the 1967 NBC sitcom The Mothers-in-Law, but was replaced by Richard Deacon. Officially, Carmel had a salary dispute with producer Desi Arnaz, although, according to rumors, he was fired because his drug use interfered with production. [1]
Carmel was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died in Hollywood, California of congestive heart failure due to an enlarged heart muscle, likely the result of chronic alcoholism and drug abuse. He is interred in New Mount Carmel Cemetery in Glendale, Queens, New York.

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the forty-first President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. Before his presidency, Bush was the forty-third Vice President of the United States in the administration of Ronald Reagan. He has also served as the member of the United States House of Representatives for the 7th district of Texas (1967–1971), the United States Ambassador to the United Nations (1971–1973), Chairman of the Republican National Committee (1973–1974), Chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China (1974–1976), and Director of Central Intelligence (1976–1977).
Bush is the son of Prescott Bush, who served in the United States Senate from 1953 to 1963, and Dorothy Walker Bush. He is the father of George W. Bush, the 43rd and current President of the United States, and Jeb Bush, the 43rd Governor of Florida.
With the passing of Gerald Ford in 2006, he became the oldest living United States president.

George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts
Arms control: START I, Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction
David Souter – 1990
Clarence Thomas – 1991
A World Transformed 1998 ISBN 0-679-43248-5
All The Best, George Bush: My Life and Other Writings 1999 ISBN 068483958X
Heartbeat: George Bush in His Own Words: George Bush in His Own Words (compiled by Jim McGrath) 2003 ISBN 0806524979
Bush family
Church Committee
October surprise conspiracy
Iran hostage crisis
Iran Contra
Timeline of United States and China relations 1995-1997
U.S. presidential election, 1980
U.S. presidential election, 1988
U.S. presidential election, 1992
Barilleaux, Ryan J.; Stuckey, Mary E. (1992). Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-94418-2. 
Bush, George H. W. (1999). All the best, George Bush: my life in letters and other writings. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-83958-X. 
Bush, George H. W.; Scowcroft, Brent (1998). A World Transformed. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-43248-5. 
Ducat, Stephen J. (2004). The wimp factor: gender gaps, holy wars, and the politics of anxious masculinity. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-4344-3. 
Duffy, Michael; Goodgame, Dan (1992). Marching in place : the status quo Presidency of George Bush. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-73720-1. 
Green, John Robert (2000). The Presidency of George Bush. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0993-8. 
Hyams, Joe (1991). Flight of the Avenger: George Bush at War. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovic. ISBN 0-15-131469-1. 
Kelley, Kitty (2004). The Family: The True Story of the Bush Dynasty. London: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50324-5. 
Podhoretz, John (1993). Hell of a Ride: Backstage at the White House Follies, 1989-1993. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-79648-8. 
Smith, Jean Edward (1992). George Bush's War. New York: Henry Holt & Company. ISBN 0-8050-1388-1. 
Tarpley, Webster G.; Chaitkin, Anton (1991). George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography. Washington: Executive Intelligence Review. ISBN 0-943235-05-7. 
Bush Presidential Library and Museum
White House biography
Works by George Bush at Project Gutenberg Note: Contains only Bush's 1990 State of the Union address
George H.W. Bush at the Notable Names Database
Essays on Bush and His Administration
George H. W. Bush Speeches

Litvin may refer to:

Lithuanian in Slavic languages
Belarusians in context of Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Any person from Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Slavic languages
Modern ethnographic groups of Ukrainians in Chernihiv Oblast on border with Belarus and Russia, see Anatoliy Ponomariov. "Ethnic groups of Ukrainians" (in Ukrainian). Available online.
In 19-20 centuries a Pole who lived in Lithuania, or Pole who had Lithuanian ancestry. Czesław Miłosz, Józef Piłsudski sometimes referred to itself as Polish: litwin.

Waleska is a city in Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. The population was 616 at the 2000 census.

Demographics
[1]

Lake Arrowhead

Andrey Januaryevich Vyshinskiy (Russian: Андре́й Януа́рьевич Выши́нский, Andrej Januar'evič Vyšinskij) (December 10 [O.S. November 28] 1883–November 22, 1954), also spelt Vishinsky, Vyshinskii, was a Russian and Soviet jurist and later diplomat. He served as the Soviet Foreign Minister from 1949 to 1953. Vyshinsky was of Polish descent and spoke some English and excellent French.
He became a Menshevik in 1903 and in 1917 he undersigned an order to arrest Lenin according the decision of the Russian Provisional Government.
He also played a significant role in the Nuremberg Trials.
The positions he held include those of vice-premier (1939–1944), deputy Commissar for Foreign Affairs (1940–1949), Minister for Foreign Affairs (1949-1953), Academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1939, and permanent representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations.
He died in New York and was buried in Red Square.

The Pole of Freedoms (Polo delle Libertà) was a centre-right electoral coalition in Italy, launched by Silvio Berlusconi in 1994.
It was originally present only in Northern Italy (while the Pole of Good Government was present in Southern Italy) and was composed of Forza Italia, Lega Nord, Christian Democratic Centre, Pannella List, Union of Centre, Liberal Democratic Pole and Liberal Party.
In 1996 it was present throughout Italy and was composed of Forza Italia, National Alliance, Pannella-Sgarbi List, Christian Democratic Centre and United Christian Democrats.
In 2000, after the re-entry of Lega Nord, the coalition was transformed in the House of Freedoms.

Coordinates: 51°25′39″N 0°17′7″W / 51.4275, -0.28528
Thatched House Lodge is a royal residence in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in London, England.
The main house has six reception rooms, six bedrooms, and stands in four acres (16,000 m²) of grounds. The gardens include an eighteenth century two-room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name. Since 1963 Thatched House Lodge has been the residence of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy. It was acquired by her late husband, Angus Ogilvy, on a lease from Crown Estate Commissioners following their marriage.

The Valdivia culture is one of the oldest settled cultures recorded in the Americas. It emerged from the earlier Las Vegas culture and thrived on the on the Santa Elena peninsula near the modern-day town of Valdivia, Ecuador between 3500 BC and 1800 BC.
The Valdivia culture was discovered in 1956 by the Ecuadorian archeologist Emilio Estrada. Based on comparison of archeological remains and pottery styles (specifically, the similarity between the Valdivian pottery and the ancient Jōmon culture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan) Estrada, along with the American archeologist Betty Meggers suggested that a relationship between the people of Ecuador and the people of Japan existed in ancient times. Part of the theory was that the Japanese had conducted trans-Pacific trade. This theory was revolutionary, for no evidence of contact between the two populations had previously been established.
The Valdivia lived in a community that built its houses in a circle or oval around a central plaza and were sedentary people that lived off farming and fishing, though occasionally they went hunting for deer. From the remains that have been found, it has been determined that Valdivians cultivated maize, kidney beans, squash, cassava, hot peppers and cotton plants, the latter of which was used to make clothing.
Valdivian pottery initially was rough and practical, but it became splendid, delicate and large over time. They generally used red and gray colors; and the polished dark red pottery is characteristic of the Valdivia period. In their ceramics and stone works, the Valdivia culture shows a progression from the most simple to much more complicated works.
The trademark Valdivia piece is the "Venus" of Valdivia: feminine ceramic figures which were likely used in a variety of unknown rituals of fertility. The "Venus" of Valdivia likely represented actual people, as each figurine is individual and unique, as can be seen by the hairstyles. They were made joining two rolls of clay, leaving the lower portion separated as legs and making the body and head from the top portion. The arms were usually very short, in most cases were bent towards the chest, holding the breasts or under the chin.
There is a display of Valdivian artifacts in Guayaquil, Ecuador at UEES

In English a palace is the home of a head of state or other high-ranking public figure. In some countries, such as Italy, the term is also applied to some private mansions. Many palaces are now put to other uses such as parliaments or museums. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavish public building which does not house a public figure; this use is intended to convey that the building is a "people's palace", where a sort of civic consciousness resides.
Historians apply the term "palace" anachronistically, to label the complex structures of Minoan Knossos, or the Mycenaean palace societies, or the 4th century incompletely-Hellenize palace system of Philip of Macedon's Vergina— or palaces outside the European world entirely.

Palaces elsewhere
"Palace" meaning "government" can be recognized in a remark of Paul the Deacon, writing ca 790 and describing events of the 660s: "When Grimuald set out for Beneventum, he intrusted his palace to Lupus" (Historia gentis Langobardorum, V.xvii). At the same time Charlemagne was consciously reviving the Roman expression in his "palace" at Aachen, of which only his chapel remains. In the 9th century the "palace" indicated the housing of the government too, and the constantly-travelling Charlemagne built fourteen. In the early Middle Ages, the Palas remained the seat of government in some German cities. In the Holy Roman Empire the powerful independent Electors came to be housed in palaces (Paläste) This has been used as evidence that power was widely distributed in the Empire, as in more centralized monarchies, only one supreme monarch would be allowed to call their home a palace.
In France there has been a clear distinction between a château and a palais. The palace has always been urban, like the Palais de la Cité in Paris (above), which was the royal palace of France and is now the supreme court of justice of France, or the palace of the Popes at Avignon (illustration, left).
The château, by contrast, has always been in rural settings, supported by its demesne, even when it was no longer actually fortified. Speakers of English think of the "Palace of Versailles" because it was the residence of the king of France, and the king was the source of power, though the building has always remained the Château de Versailles for the French, and the seat of government under the ancien regime remained the Palais du Louvre. The Louvre had begun as a fortified Château du Louvre on the edge of Paris, but as the seat of government and shorn of its fortified architecture and then completely surrounded by the city, it developed into the Palais du Louvre.
In Italy, where localized regimes lasted to the 19th century, many a small former capital displays its Palazzo Ducale, the seat of government. In Florence and other strong communal governments, the seat of government was the Palazzo della Signoria until in Florence the Medici were made Grand Dukes of Tuscany. Then, when the power center shifted to their residence in Palazzo Pitti, the old center of power began to be called the Palazzo Vecchio.
But indeed, in some Italian cities, it is not uncommon to find many "palaces," including some comparatively humble mansions, each built by one of the principal noble families. Each family's palazzo was a hive that contained all the family members, though it might not always show a grand architectural public front. In the 20th century palazzo in Italian came to apply to any large fine apartment building.
In England, by tacit agreement, there have been no "palaces" other than those used as official residences by royalty and certain bishops. Thus the Palace of Beaulieu gained its name precisely when Thomas Boleyn sold it to Henry VIII in 1517; previously it had been known as Walkfares. But like several other palaces, the name stuck even once the royal connection ended. Although the Palace of Blenheim (illustration, left) was never a royal residence, the name was part of the extraordinary honour when the house was given by a grateful nation to a great general. (Along with several royal and episcopal palaces in the countryside, Blenheim does demonstrate that "palace" has no specific urban connotations in English.)
As on the continent, these royal and episcopal palaces were not merely residences; the clerks who administered the realm or the diocese labored there as well. (To this day many bishops' palaces house both their family apartments and their official offices.) However, unlike the "Palais du Justice" which is often encountered in the French-speaking world, modern British public administration buildings are never called "palaces"; although the formal name for the "Houses of Parliament" is the Palace of Westminster, this reflects Westminster's former role as a royal residence and centre of administration.
In more recent years, the word has been used in a more informal sense for other large, impressive buildings, such as The Crystal Palace of 1851 (an immensely large, glazed hall erected for the Great Exhibition) and modern arenas-convention centres like Alexandra Palace (which is no more a palace than Madison Square Garden is a garden).
For the household staff of palaces, see great house.

Career Matches 76, Career Goals 35
Amon Buchanan (born 10 October 1982) is an Australian rules football player from the Sydney Swans of the AFL.
Buchanan grew up in the Victorian town of Colac, west of Melbourne. He played football for Colac and the Geelong Falcons Under 18s team, winning a premiership with the Falcons in 2000 and subsequently being selected by Sydney in the post-season National Draft. He made his senior debut in round 11 of the 2002 season against West Coast. By the end of 2002, he had played six matches, but had a disappointing season the next year, suffering knee and ankle injuries, not playing a single senior game and being delisted. However, he was redrafted by the Swans, and had established himself as a regular member of the team by the second half of 2004. During Sydney's 2005 premiership-winning season, Buchanan played in every match, making useful contributions in the midfield and kicking the final goal of the Grand Final against West Coast.
Buchanan's sporting blood runs in the family, with his brother, Liam Buchanan, a state cricketer for the Victorian Bushrangers. He made his debut in the 2005/06 season.

2005 International Rules Series
Premiership player 2005

The Nieuport 17 was a French biplane fighter aircraft of World War I, manufactured by the Nieuport company.

Operators

Crew: one, pilot
Length: 5.8 m (19 ft)
Wingspan: 8.2 m (26 ft 9 in)
Height: 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Wing area: 14.8 m² (159 ft²)
Empty weight: 375 kg (827 lb)
Loaded weight: 560 kg (1,235 lb)
Powerplant: 1× Le Rhône 9J 9-cylinder rotary engine, 82kW (110 hp)
Maximum speed: 164 km/h (88.5 knots, 102 mph)
Range: 249 km (134.5 nm, 155 miles)
Service ceiling: 5,300 m (17,390 ft)
Rate of climb: 11.5 min to 3,000 m (9,840 ft) ()
Wing loading: 37.9 kg/m² (7.77 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 0.15 kW/kg (0.09 hp/lb)
1 × Vickers or Lewis machine gun

Psi Upsilon (ΨΥ, Psi U) is the fifth oldest college fraternity in the United States, founded at Union College in 1833. It has chapters at colleges and universities throughout North America. For most of its history, Psi Upsilon, like most social fraternities, limited its membership to only men. Today there are several co-educational Psi Upsilon chapters.
Famous members of Psi Upsilon include Presidents Chester A. Arthur and William Howard Taft, who also served as Chief Justice, Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, U.S. Senator and later Secretary of Defense William Cohen, Supreme Court justice John Paul Stevens, FBI director William H. Webster, Prime Minister of Canada, Paul Martin, author Horatio Alger, The Da Vinci Code author Dan Brown, iPod Co-Creator Tony Fadell, former Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Porter Goss, William H.T. Bush, George H.W. Bush's younger brother, Detroit Lions owner William Clay Ford, Sr., space tourist Dennis Tito, author Harlan Coben and film director Michael Bay.
Psi Upsilon also has a foundation that provides scholarships and other financial assistance to students throughout the US and Canada, giving preference to its own members, as well as mentoring and other support services.

Robert Barnard
Samuel Goodale
Sterling Goodale Hadley
George Washington Tuttle
Edward Martindale
Merwin Henry Stewart
Charles Washington Harvey Fraternity firsts

Main article: List of Psi Upsilon Chapters

Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, located on Observatory Hill, in Saanich, British Columbia, was completed in 1918 by the Canadian Government. Proposed and designed by John S. Plaskett in 1910 with the support of the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research, when the 72" aperture telescope was constructed, it was very briefly the largest telescope in the world.
The building that houses the telescope was built by McAlpine-Robertson Company of Vancouver for a price of $75,000. Both the building and dome, made by Warner and Swasey Co, are double walled.
The mirror weighs 1,960 pounds and was made by the St. Gobain in their Charleroi glass works in Antwerp, Belgium and shipped only a week before the start of World War I. It was then ground in the United States at the John A. Brashear company in Pittsburgh. The mirror had to be reground twice, once due to a mysterious scratch and the 2nd time due to a flaw in the grinding. This added 2 years to the completion time of the telescope, pushing the date back to 1918. The completed mirror was hauled up Little Saanich Mountain by horse and wagon.
Following completion, Plaskett remained the head of the observatory until 1935.
A spectrograph is fitted to the Cassegrain focus and an imaging CCD is attached to the Newtonian focus.
In 1962, a 48" optical telescope was added to the observatory. The telescope, ordered in 1957, was made by Grubb Parsons of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Its Coude focus is used with a room sized specrograph.
In 1995, the observatory was made the headquarters of the NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, which operates several Canadian telescopes, both optical and radio, as well as shares in international telescopes, such as the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.
The telescopes are in constant use today and are open for visitors year round. An interpretive centre called the Centre of the Universe was opened in 2002.
As of 2007, the current director was Dr James E Hesser.

Mecano was a Spanish pop band whose debut coincided with La Movida Madrileña, a sociocultural movement that occurred in Spain during the 1980s. Although Spanish music critics do not consider the band one of the most representative ensembles of the aforementioned cultural wave,. Most of the lyrics were written by one of the Cano brothers from a male perspective, and were mainly sung by Ana Torroja in a melodic, childlike voice while preserving that male perspective, which gave the group its distinctive, playful and sexually ambiguous style.

History

Main article: Mecano discography Discography
Mecano recorded some of their songs in English, one of which was published as a single: "The Uninvited Guest", which is the English version of "Me Colé en una Fiesta". Other songs that were recorded in English by Mecano are: "Hawaii-Bombay" and "You", but these were never published on official discs.
Mecano also recorded many of their songs in Italian, such as: "Figlio Della Luna" [Hijo De La Luna], "Croce Di Lame" [Cruz De Navajas (Cross of Knives)], "Un Anno Di Più" [Un Año Más (One More Year (is gone))], "Uno Di Quegli Amanti" [Los Amantes (The Lovers)], "Per Lei Contro Di Lei" [Mujer Contra Mujer], "Il Cinema" [El Cine], "Vado A Nuova York" [No Hay Marcha En Nueva York (Tough Luck in New York)], "Fermati A Madrid" [Quédate En Madrid (Stay in Madrid)], "Mi Costa Tanto Di Scordarti" [Me Cuesta Tanto Olvidarte], "Responso Positivo" [El Fallo Positivo (Positive Sentence)], "Anna È Miguel" [Naturaleza Muerta (Dead Nature)], "Una Rosa È Una Rosa" [Una Rosa Es Una Rosa (A Rose is a Rose)], "Tu" (You) (Italian version), "Dalai Lama" (Italian version), "Il 7 Di Settembre" [El 7 De Septiembre] and "La Forza Del Destino" [La Fuerza Del Destino].
Songs that Mecano recorded in French include: "Une Femme Avec Une Femme" [Mujer Contra Mujer], "Dis-Moi Lune D'Argent" [Hijo De La Luna], "Une Histoire À Trois" [El Uno, El Dos, El Tres (The One, The Two, and The Three)], "Nature Morte" [Naturaleza Muerta], "Le Paradis Artificiel" [El Lago Artificial (The Artificial Lake], "Toi" [Tú], "J.C." (French version) and "Le 7 Septembre" [El 7 De Septiembre].

Foreign Language Recordings
Some unpublished Mecano songs are "Me no Parle Vous Français" (Pardon My Français), "Me he Declarado en Guerra" (I Hereby Declare War) (demo), "Cristóbal Colón" (Christopher Columbus), "El Caballo de Espartero" (Espartero's Horse) (demo), "Solo" (Alone) (demo), "Lía", "El Pez" (The Fish), "El Romance de la Niña María Luz" (Romance of the Child María Luz), "Arlequín" (Harlequin), "Al Alba" (At the Crack of Dawn), "¿Qué Haces Tú en el Mundo?" (What Are You Doing in the World), "La Bola de Pelo" (The Ball of Hair) (a demo for "Mujer contra mujer"), "Fábula"(demo), and others.

Unpublished Songs
Due to the popularity of their songs, Mecano has been covered by other artists in the Spanish-speaking, as well as in the non-Spanish-speaking world. Songs from Entre el cielo y el suelo have been covered by Montserrat Caballé and Celia Cruz. Also, the unpublished song Lía was sung by Ana Belén. The euro-dance-band Loona covered the song "Hijo de la luna" in 1998 and achieved a major hit with it.
In 2004, Mexican pop singer Fey recorded the album La Fuerza Del Destino, an album consisting of 12 Mecano covers. This album was nominated for the Latin Grammy Awards in 2005.
Costarican Latin grammy winners, Editus covered the song "Hijo De La Luna" in their album Siempre...
Non-Spanish covers include Sarah Brightman, who covered the songs "Tú", "Hijo de la luna", "Naturaleza Muerta". Mario Frangoulis covered "Hijo de la luna" and "Naturaleza Muerta." The Belgian-Spanish Belle Perez did the same.
The Spanish Heavy Metal band Stravaganzza covered the song "Hijo de la luna" in their most recent studio work: an EP called "Hijo del Miedo" (Son of Fear).

Jakub Uchański (1502-1581) of Radwan Coat of Arms was a primate of Poland and interrex from 1572 to 1573 and from 1574 to 1575.[1]
He began his career at the royal court as a secretary and overseer of the lands of Polish queen Bona Sforza. Due to her support he received the position of the ecclesiastical Crown Referendary, and several canonies. He became the bishop of Chełm in 1551, bishop of Wrocław in 1561 (chosen in 1557), and archbishop of Gniezno and primate of Poland in 1562.
He worked closely with the king Zygmunt II August[2], and supported many of his plans, including his plan to divorce Katarzyna Habsburżanka. He was a member of the pro-reform camp, and also worked to bring the transformation of the Polish-Lithuanian union into a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He represented Zygmunt II August during the negotiations with Lithuanian magnates in Vilna, and he took part in the Lithuanian Sejm in Bielsk Podlaski of 1564.
He also supported the idea of creating a Polish national church[3] [4], though he didn't want to break away from Rome. He also supported dialogue with Protestants, advocating religious tolerance. For his too liberal religious view he was briefly excommunicated in 1558 by pope Paul IV[5], who suspected him of heresy[6]. Uchański was even summoned before the inquisition[7]; however, he didn't go to Rome and the conflict was solved via diplomacy. Uchański, while supportive of the Protestants and tolerance, never abandoned Catholic faith and in the 1570s insisted on the election of the Catholic kings. Even though his stance towards Protestants was quite liberal, he was a political opponent of Calvinist Marshal of the Crown, Jan Firlej, especially during the political crises of the 1570s, when Uchański tried to exclude the lesser nobles (members of the Sejm) from the decision making processes and rely solely on the Senate of Poland[8] (Firlej also wanted to elect a Protestant king to the Polish throne).
After the death of Zygmunt II August, last of the Jagiellon dynasty, he became the interrex until in the free election Henryk III Walezy was elected as the first king of the new Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After Henryk returned to France, Uchański again became the interrex until Anna Jagiellonka became the queen of Poland. In 1575 he joined the pro-Habsburg camp and together with some other Polish senators he proclaimed Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor to be the king of Poland, however due to opposition from many other Polish nobles (szlachta) Stefan Batory was eventually to become the king of Poland.
He was also a translator[9] and a protector of many liberal thinkers of the Polish renaissance, including Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski[10] and Jakub Wujek[11] [12].
Since the consecrator of him is not known and some of the bishops alive today can trace their episcopal lineage back to him, the person of Jakub Uchański is very important for the history of the Catholic Church. This so called Uchański lineage includes many members of the polish episcopate.

The Diocese of Exeter is a Church of England diocese covering Devon, and is one of the largest in England. The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Exeter is the seat of the diocesan bishop the Right Reverend Michael Langrish DD, Lord Bishop of Exeter. It is part of the Province of Canterbury. The Lord Bishop is assisted in his duties by two Suffragan Bishops: the Bishop of Crediton and the Bishop of Plymouth.
The diocese included Cornwall until 1876, when it became an independent Diocese of Truro.

BLR redirects here. For the IATA code, see Bangalore International Airport
Belarus (Belarusian and Russian: Беларусь Transliteration: Byelarus) listen (help·info) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north. Its capital is Minsk — other major cities include Brest, Grodno, Gomel, Mogilev, Vitebsk and Bobruisk. One third of the country is forested, and agriculture and manufacturing are staples of the economy. Belarus is one of the countries most affected by nuclear radiation from the 1986 nuclear power plant accident in neighboring Ukraine.
During its history, parts of Belarus have been under the control of several countries, including the Duchy of Polatsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. Belarus became a Soviet republic in 1922 (see Belorussian SSR). The republic declared its sovereignty on 27 July 1990. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Belarus officially declared independence on 25 August 1991. Since 1994, Alexander Lukashenko has been the country's president. During his rule, Lukashenko has implemented Soviet-era policies, despite objections from Western powers. Belarus is negotiating with Russia to unify into a single state called the Union of Russia and Belarus, although the discussions have stalled for several years.

Etymology

Main article: History of Belarus History

Main article: Politics of Belarus Politics

Main article: Administrative divisions of Belarus Provinces and districts

Main article: Geography of Belarus Geography

Main article: Economy of Belarus Economy

Main article: Demographics of Belarus Culture

Media

President's official site
Government of Belarus
Embassy of Belarus in the United States
E-Government in Belarus

Geopolitical definition of the United Nations
The climatic definition of southern Europe would be similar to the areas of Mediterranean climate. The Mediterranean climate is often thought to be a typical characteristic of Southern Europe. This area is also the origin of most of southern Europe's food traditions, (olive oil, wine and wheat culture especially). The Mediterranean area presents similar landscapes (dry hills, little plains, pine forests, olive trees) and a similar, traditional habitat. This area consists of the northeast and southern two-thirds of Portugal, Spain's southern half and eastern coast, the southeast coast of France (along with the island of Corsica), all of Italy except the Po River plain and Alps region, the coasts of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania, most of Greece, Cyprus and Malta.

Linguistic and cultural definition
Although there is no precise definition, the following territories are commonly reckoned in Southern Europe:

Iberian Peninsula

• Portugal
  
  
  
  • Azores
    Madeira
    Spain
    
    
    
    • Baleric Islands
      Canary Islands
      Andorra
      Gibraltar (United Kingdom)
      France (southern half)
      
      
      
      • Corsica
        Monaco
        Italian peninsula
        
        
        
        • Italy
          
          
          
          • Sicily
            Sardinia
            Vatican City
            San Marino
            Balkan Peninsula
            
            
            
            • Albania
              Bosnia and Herzegovina
              Bulgaria
              Croatia
              Greece
              
              
              
              • Ionian Islands
                Aegean Islands
                Crete
                Montenegro
                Republic of Macedonia
                Romania (38%: Walachia and Dobroudja)
                Serbia
                Kosova
                Slovenia
                Turkey (3%: Eastern Thrace)
                Mediterranean States:
                
                
                
                • Cyprus
                  Malta

2007年11月5日 星期一

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  
Bath Spa railway station is the principal railway station in the city of Bath, in South West England.

Management
The only other open station in Bath is Oldfield Park, a small commuter station in a western suburb, with limited services to Bristol.
Other now closed stations in Bath were Green Park (the Midland terminus, of which the over-all roof and primary buildings survive, and which for most of its life was named "Bath Queen Square") and Weston (a suburban station on the Midland line which closed in 1953). Westmoreland Road, later a goods station, was the original GWR passenger station, and is now demolished). Twerton-on-Avon, and Hampton Row Halt, both on the GWR route, closed after WWI.

2007年11月4日 星期日

The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers an area in Yorkshire - the City of York itself, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and the East Riding.
It is headed by the Archbishop of York, and its cathedral is York Minster. The Diocese is divided into three archdeaconries of Cleveland in the north (with a Bishop of Whitby), the East Riding (with a Bishop of Hull), and in the south-west the Archdeaconry of York (with a Bishop of Selby).
The Diocese was once much larger, covering Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire.

2007年11月2日 星期五

Secondary authority, in Law, is material purporting to explain the meaning or applicability of the actual verbatim texts of constitutions, statutes, case law, administrative regulations, executive orders, treaties, or similar primary authority sources.
Some secondary authority materials are written and published by governments to explain the laws in simple, non-technical terms, while other secondary authority materials are written and published by private companies, non-profit organizations, or other groups or individuals. Some examples of secondary authority are:
In the United States, various legal scholars disagree over whether legislative histories in the form of texts of congressional committee reports should be considered to be secondary authority or, alternatively, primary authority. Compare G.L. Richmond, Federal Tax Research: Guide to Materials and Techniques, page 2, fn.4 (4th ed. 1990) and C.L. Kunz, D.A. Schmedemann, C.P. Erlinder & M.P. Downs, The Process of Legal Research, page 3 (1986).
Although secondary authorities are sometimes used in legal research (especially, to allow a researcher to gain a preliminary, overall understanding of an unfamiliar area of law) and are sometimes even cited by courts in deciding cases, secondary authorities are generally afforded less weight than the actual texts of primary authority.
law review articles, comments and notes (written by law professors, practicing lawyers, law students, etc.);
legal textbooks;
legal digests;
annotations published in statute books or other materials;
legal encyclopedias (such as Corpus Juris Secundum);
legal dictionaries (such as Black's Law Dictionary);
Restatements of the Law published by the American Law Institute;
legal briefs and memoranda;
tax forms and instructions published by governments;
government publications explaining or summarizing the laws;
government employee manuals (such as the Internal Revenue Manual for employees of the Internal Revenue Service);
course materials from continuing legal education seminars;
verbal commentary by legislators during discussion or debate on chamber floors or during committee hearings (including such commentaries published in the Congressional Record);
other similar materials.

2007年11月1日 星期四

Thomas Simpson (August 20, 1710 – May 14, 1761) was a British mathematician, inventor and eponym of Simpson's rule to approximate definite integrals. However, this rule was also found 200 years earlier from Johannes Kepler, in the so-called de:Keplersche Fassregel. Simpson was born in Market Bosworth, Leicestershire. He taught himself mathematics, then turned to astrology. After an unfortunate "devil-raising", he and his wife had to flee to Derby [1]. They later moved to London.
From 1743, he taught mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Apparently, the method that became known as Simpson's rule was well known and used earlier by Bonaventura Cavalieri (a student of Galileo) in 1639, later rediscovered by James Gregory, and was only attributed to Simpson.

Works

Treatise of Fluxions (1737)
The Nature and Laws of Chance (1740)
The Doctrine of Annuities and Reversions (1742)
Mathematical Dissertation on a Variety of Physical and Analytical Subjects (1743)
A Treatise of Algebra (1745)
Elements of Geometry (1747)
Trigonometry, Plane and Spherical (1748)
Select Exercises in Mathematics (1752)
Miscellaneous Tracts on Some Curious Subjects in Mechanics, Physical Astronomy and Speculative Mathematics (1757)

The Six Enneads, sometimes abbreviated to The Enneads or Enneads, is the collection of writings of Plotinus, edited and compiled by his student Porphyry (c. 270 AD). Plotinus is said to be the one of the founders of Neoplatonism, if not the first Neoplatonist. His work, through Augustine of Hippo, the Christian and the Arab thinkers, has greatly influenced Western and Near-Eastern thought.

Organization and content
Since the publishing of modern critical edition of the Greek text by P. Henry and H.-R. Schwyzer (Plotini Opera. 3 volumes. Paris-Bruxelles, 1951-1973) and the revised one (Plotini Opera. 3 volumes. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1964-1984) there is the academic use to quote Enneads in such a way we first mention the number of Ennead (usually in Romans from I to VI), the number of treatise within each Ennead (in arabics from 1 to 9), the number of chapter (in arabics also), and the line(s) in one of the mentioned editions. These numbers are divided by dots, by commas or blank spaces (there is no absolute consensus about this).
E.g. For Fourth Ennead (IV), treatise number seven (7), chapter two (2), lines one to five (1-5), we write:
E.g. The following three mean Third Ennead (III), treatise number five (5), chapter nine (9), line eight (8):
It is important to remark that some translations or editions do not include the line numbers according to P. Henry and H.-R. Schwyzer's. In addition to this, there is the use to indicate the chronological order of the treatises between brackets or parentheses.
E.g. For the previously given:

IV.7.2.1-5
III, 5, 9,8
3,5,9,8
III 5 9 8
IV.7 (2).2.1-5 since treatise IV.7 was the second written by Plotinus.
III, 5 [50], 9,8 since IV.7 was the fiftieth written by Plotinus. How to quote and refer to The Enneads
The names of treatises may differ according to translation.

The First Ennead

II.1 [40] - "On Heaven"
II.2 [14] - "On the Movement of Heaven"
II.3 [52] - "Whether the Stars are Causes"
II.4 [12] - "On Matter"
II.5 [25] - "On Potentiality and Actuality."
II.6 [17] - "On Quality or on Substance"
II.7 [37] - "On Complete Transfusion"
II.8 [35] - "On Sight or on how Distant Objects Appear Small."
II.9 [33] - "Against Those That Affirm The Creator of the Kosmos and The Kosmos Itself to be Evil: [Generally Quoted as "Against the Gnostics"]. The Second Ennead

III.1 [3] - "On Fate"
III.2 [47] - "On Providence (1)."
III.3 [48] - "On Providence (2)."
III.4 [15] - "On our Allotted Guardian Spirit"
III.5 [50] - "On Love"
III.6 [26] - "On the Impassivity of the Unembodied"
III.7 [45] - "On Eternity and Time"
III.8 [30] - "On Nature, Contemplation and the One"
III.9 [13] - "Detached Considerations" The Third Ennead

IV.1 [21] - "On the Essence of the Soul (2)"
IV.2 [4] - "On the Essence of the Soul (1)"
IV.3 [27] - "On Problems of the Soul (1)"
IV.4 [28] - "On Problems of the Soul (2)"
IV.5 [29] - "On Problems of the Soul (3)" [Also known as, "On Sight"].
IV.6 [41] - "On Sense-Perception and Memory"
IV.7 [2] - "On the Immortality of the Soul"
IV.8 [6] - "On the Soul's Descent into Body"
IV.9 [8] - "If All Souls One" The Fourth Ennead

V.1 [10] - "On the Three Primary Hypostases"
V.2 [11] - "On the Origin and Order of the Beings following after the First"
V.3 [49] - "On the Knowing Hypostases and That Which is Beyond"
V.4 [7] - "How That Which is After the First comes from the First, and on the One."
V.5 [32] - "That the Intellectual Beings are not Outside the Intellect, and on the Good"
V.6 [24] - "On the Fact that That Which is Beyond Being Does not Think, and on What is the Primary and the Secondary Thinking Principle"
V.7 [18] - "On whether There are Ideas of Particular Beings"
V.8 [31] - "On the Intelligible Beauty."
V.9 [5] - "On Intellect, the Forms, and Being" The Fifth Ennead

VI.1 [42] - "On the Kinds of Being (1)"
VI.2 [43] - "On the Kinds of Being (2)"
VI.3 [44] - "On the Kinds of Being (3)"
VI.4 [22] - "On the Presence of Being, One and the Same, Everywhere as a Whole (1)"
VI.5 [23] - "On the Presence of Being, One and the Same, Everywhere as a Whole (2)"
VI.6 [34] - "On Numbers"
VI.7 [38] - "How the Multiplicity of Forms Came Into Being: and on the Good"
VI.8 [39] - "On Free Will and the Will of the One"
VI.9 [9] - "On the Good, or the One" Note on the Plotiniana Arabica or Arabic Plotinus
Contemporary scholars refer to the Plotinus' critical editions made by
Useful tools for the study of the Enneads are

HENRY, P. and SCHWYZER, H.-R. Plotini Opera. (Editio maior in 3 vols. including English translation of Plotiniana Arabiga or The Theology of Aristotle) Bruxelles and Paris: Museum Lessianum, 1964-1973.
HENRY, P. and SCHWYZER, H.-R. Plotini Opera. (Editio minor in 3 vols.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964-1982.
SLEEMAN, J.-H and POLLET, G. Lexikon Plotinianum. Leyden: Brill, 1980.
DUFOUR, R. Plotinus. A Bibliography: 1950-2000. Leyden: Brill, 2002.
RADICE. R. and BOMBACINO, R. Plotinus Lexicon. (Includes a CD containing the entire Greek text) Milan: Biblia, 2004. Some editions, translations and tools

ARMSTRONG, A.H. Plotinus. (7 vols. including Greek text of HENRY, P. and SCHWYZER a fronte) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966-1988.
ATKINSON, M. Plotinus' Ennead V.1: On the Three Principal Hypostases Oxford: OUP, 1983.
BUSSANICH. J. The One and its Relation to Intellect (Translation and comentary of selected treatises). Leiden: Brill, 1988.
FLEET, B. III.6 Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. English

BREHIER, E. Ennéades (7 vols. including edition of Greek text on facing pages) Paris: Collection Budé, 1960-63 (3rd ed.)
HADOT, P. Plotin, Traité 38 (VI.7). Paris: Cerf, 1988.
HADOT, P. Plotin, Traité 50 (II.5). Paris: Cerf, 1990.
LEROUX, G. Traité sur la liberté et la volonté de l'Un. [VI.8(39)] Paris: Vrin, 1990.
NARBONE, J.-M. II.5(25) Paris: Cerf, 1998.
O'MEARA, D. I.8(51) Paris: Cerf, 1999.
HAM, B. V.3 (49) Paris: Cerf, 2000.
BRISSON.L, PRADEAU, J.-F.(Dir.) Plotin. Traites. Paris: GF-FlamMarion, 2002-2003 (2 vols. of this translation of the treatises following the chronological order had appeared: the first containing treatises 1 to 6, the second, 7-21, cf. supra. Table of Contents and infra. Chronological Listing) French

IGAL, J. Plotino Enéadas (3 vols.) Madrid: Gredos, 1982-1998. Italian

HARDER, R., BEUTLER, R., THEILER, W. (Eds.) Plotins Scriften.(12 Vols.) Hambourg: 1956-1971

订阅： 帖子 (Atom)